One who is actually or constructively present, aiding and abetting in the commission of the crime, is generally known as a(n):

The term for someone who is actually or constructively present and actively aiding and abetting in the commission of a crime is known as the principal in the second degree. This designation refers to individuals who are present at the crime scene and assist the primary perpetrator in carrying out the crime, even if they do not directly commit the acts themselves.

Understanding this concept is important in the field of criminal law, as it helps to define the different roles individuals may play in the commission of a crime. For example, a principal in the first degree is the individual who actually commits the crime, while a principal in the second degree is someone who is present at the scene and contributes to the criminal act, enhancing the culpability of all those involved.

In contrast, an accessory before the fact is someone who aids and abets the commission of a crime but is not present at the crime scene, while an accessory after the fact is someone who assists the offender after the crime has been committed, helping them evade capture or conceal the crime. The distinction among these roles is crucial for understanding the legal implications and consequences for each participant in a crime.