The makeup of a federal grand jury is:

The makeup of a federal grand jury typically consists of 16 to 23 jurors. This range is established in federal law, specifically in Rule 6 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, which states that a grand jury must have a minimum of 16 members and can have no more than 23 members. This size is designed to ensure that there are enough jurors to deliberate thoroughly on the evidence presented by the prosecution while also allowing for a fair and comprehensive decision-making process.

In contrast, other choices such as 12 jurors reflect the composition of a petit jury, which is used in criminal trials to determine guilt or innocence, rather than the grand jury, which is responsible for determining whether there is enough evidence to charge someone with a crime. Similarly, the numbers presented in other options either fall outside the grand jury requirements or do not meet the minimum standards set forth for grand jury composition.