Which amendment protects against deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process?

The Fifth Amendment is the correct choice because it explicitly addresses the legal principle of due process in relation to the rights of individuals. This amendment states that no person shall be "deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." This protection ensures that the government cannot take away a person's fundamental rights without following a legal procedure that adheres to established rules and principles of fairness.

Furthermore, while the Fourteenth Amendment also includes a due process clause, it specifically extends this protection against state actions, whereas the Fifth Amendment applies to actions taken by the federal government. The First Amendment focuses on freedoms regarding speech, religion, assembly, and the press, and the Second Amendment deals with the right to keep and bear arms. Understanding the distinct roles of each amendment is crucial when analyzing constitutional protections and their applications in various contexts.