Which entity typically regulates the authority of private police?

The authority of private police is primarily regulated by state law. This is because state statutes and regulations provide the legal framework within which private security forces operate. States have the authority to enact specific laws governing the licensing, training, and operational protocols of private security personnel. This encompasses a range of aspects such as how these officers can conduct arrests, the use of force, and the limitations of their jurisdiction.

While federal law can play a role in certain areas, such as employment practices or civil rights, it does not specifically govern the day-to-day operations and authority of private police. City ordinances may provide additional regulations that affect the operation of private security within a municipality, but these are subordinate to state laws. Lastly, the policies established by private companies themselves can dictate the internal procedures and guidelines for their security personnel, but they cannot supersede the legal authority granted by state laws. Hence, state law serves as the primary regulatory force for the authority and operation of private police.