Who is ultimately responsible for maintaining law and order during a civil disorder?

The ultimate responsibility for maintaining law and order during a civil disorder falls to local authorities. This is because local law enforcement agencies are the first responders to incidents within their jurisdictions, trained to handle civil disturbances based on their understanding of the community and its dynamics. They possess the local knowledge and resources necessary to manage situations effectively, ensuring the safety of residents and properties.

Additionally, local authorities have established protocols and relationships with community organizations, which can aid in crisis management and fostering communication among residents during disturbances. Although federal agencies or military forces may be called in to assist if the situation escalates beyond local control, the initial and primary responsibility lies with those closest to the situation—local law enforcement.

In contrast, the FBI, the Army Department, and proprietary security authorities may support or intervene when necessary, but their involvement typically comes after local resources have been overwhelmed or if there are specific federal concerns that warrant their engagement.